header banner
Default

In Koshi Province, Nepal, the prevalence of visual impairment, uncorrected refractive errors, and effective coverage of refractive errors were assessed using the Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors eye


Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available as authors are analyzing  the data for other manuscripts. Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Bourne R, Steinmetz JD, Flaxman S, Briant PS, Taylor HR, Resnikoff S, et al. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e130–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Steinmetz JD, Bourne RR, Briant PS, Flaxman SR, Taylor HR, Jonas JB, et al. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e144–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Marmamula S, Keeffe JE, Rao GN. Rapid assessment methods in eye care: an overview. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012;60:416–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Marmamula S, Keeffe JE, Rao GN. Uncorrected refractive errors, presbyopia and spectacle coverage: results from a rapid assessment of refractive error survey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009;16:269–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McCormick I, Mactaggart I, Bastawrous A, Burton MJ, Ramke J. Effective refractive error coverage: an eye health indicator to measure progress towards universal health coverage. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2020;40:1–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Luque LC, Naidoo K, Chan VF, Silva JC, Naduvilath TJ, Peña F, et al. Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia, and spectacle coverage in Bogota, Colombia: a rapid assessment of refractive error. Optom Vis Sci. 2019;96:579–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mashayo ER, Chan VF, Ramson P, Chinanayi F, Naidoo KS. Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia and spectacle coverage in Kahama District, Tanzania: a rapid assessment of refractive error. Clin Exp Optom. 2015;98:58–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Muhit M, Minto H, Parvin A, Jadoon MZ, Islam J, Yasmin S, et al. Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia, and unmet need of spectacle coverage in a northern district of Bangladesh: Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018;25:126–32.

  9. Nsubuga N, Ramson P, Govender P, Chan V, Wepo M, Naidoo KS. Uncorrected refractive errors, presbyopia and spectacle coverage in Kamuli District, Uganda. Afr Vision Eye Health. 75;2016;75:1-6.

  10. Loughman J, Nxele LL, Faria C, Thompson S, Ramson P, Chinanayi F, et al. Rapid assessment of refractive error, presbyopia, and visual impairment and associated quality of life in Nampula, Mozambique. J Vis Impair Blind. 2015;109:199–212.

  11. Naidoo KS, Chinanayi FS, Ramson P, Mashige KP. Rapid assessment of refractive error in the eThekwini Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Clin Exp Optom. 2016;99:360–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chan VF, Mebrahtu G, Ramson P, Wepo M, Naidoo KS. Prevalence of refractive error and spectacle coverage in Zoba Ma’ekel Eritrea: a rapid assessment of refractive error. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013;20:131–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Marmamula S, Khanna RC, Kunkunu E, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the state of Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study using the Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) methodology. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e012617.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bourne RR, Cicinelli MV, Sedighi T, Tapply IH, McCormick I, Jonas JB, et al. Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10:e1754–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. McCormick I, Mactaggart I, Resnikoff S, Muirhead D, Murthy GV, Silva JC, et al. Eye health indicators for universal health coverage: results of a global expert prioritisation process. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:893–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Marmamula S, Khanna RC, Narsaiah S, Shekhar K, Rao GN. Prevalence of spectacles use in Andhra Pradesh, India: rapid assessment of visual impairment project. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;42:227–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mashayo ER, Chan VF, Ramson P, Chinanayi F, Naidoo KSJC, Optometry E. Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia and spectacle coverage in Kahama District, Tanzania: a rapid assessment of refractive error. Clin Exp Optom. 2015;98:58–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. World Health Organization (WHO). 74th World Health Assembly Resolution. Geneva: WHO; 2021.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Dr Chet Raj Pant, Chairman and Dr Sailesh Mishra, Executive Director of NNJS for valuable guidance and support. Mr. Kumar Prithu, Hospital Manager, Md. Rafique, Mr. Dipendra Chaudhary of BEH for logistics and HR support. The Ophthalmic Assistants (Sabin Kumar Mahato, Bijay Tamang, Indrajeet Kumar Yadav, Shivram Chaudhary) and Community Eye Health Workers (Rita Pradhan, Parshuram Shrestha, Shrawn Majhi, Manish Khawash), Optometrists (Pankaj Ray Adhikari and Sanjay Kumar Shah), Similarly, Dhiraj Mandal, Gautam Majhi, Mithlesh Meheta, Rupesh Kumar, Sanjay Kamat are acknowledged for their contributions.

Funding

This study was funded by OneSight Essilor Luxottica Foundation, USA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eastern Regional Eye Care Program, Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

    Rajiv Ranjan Karn & Sudhir Kumar Thakur

  2. Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Srinivas Marmamula & Ranindita Saha

  3. Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Srinivas Marmamula

  4. Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Srinivas Marmamula

  5. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia

    Srinivas Marmamula

  6. Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

    Rakshya Pant Sitoula & Amit Kumar Mehta

  7. Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Ranjan Shah

  8. Prashasa Health Consultants, Hyderabad, India

    Saibaba Saravanan

  9. OneSight Essilor Luxottica Foundation, Mason, OH, USA

    Rahul Ali

Authors

  1. Rajiv Ranjan Karn

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Srinivas Marmamula

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sudhir Kumar Thakur

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rakshya Pant Sitoula

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ranjan Shah

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Amit Kumar Mehta

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ranindita Saha

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Saibaba Saravanan

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Rahul Ali

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Study concept and design: SM. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: RRK, RSH, AKM, SM. Drafting of the manuscript: RRK, SM, RSA. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: SS, RSH, SKT, RPS. Statistical analysis: SM, RRK.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajiv Ranjan Karn.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Cite this article

Karn, R.R., Marmamula, S., Thakur, S.K. et al. Prevalence of visual impairment, uncorrected refractive errors and effective refractive error coverage in Koshi Province, Nepal - Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors. Eye (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02786-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02786-4

Sources


Article information

Author: Diane Hill

Last Updated: 1699379404

Views: 1476

Rating: 4 / 5 (58 voted)

Reviews: 95% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Diane Hill

Birthday: 1989-02-01

Address: 62313 Klein Fort, Patriciaborough, LA 13571

Phone: +4761156867843311

Job: Landscape Architect

Hobby: Stamp Collecting, Billiards, Chess, Yoga, Animation, Raspberry Pi, Card Games

Introduction: My name is Diane Hill, I am a vivid, dedicated, priceless, Gifted, expert, steadfast, Open person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.